HIV sexual risk behaviors and perception of risk among college students: implications for planning interventions Essay

Final Project Proposal gate Since its find in 1983, scientists have worked tirelessly on determining the origins and biological mechanisms of the hu adult male immunodeficiency virus virus. The gravity of the human immunodeficiency virus virus can non be understated as approximately 25 million people have contract human immunodeficiency virus and positive back up since the discoery of the virus. During the progression of knowledge surrounding the virus, statistical analysis of human immunodeficiency virus related information displays regional, socioeconomic, and racial inconsistencies regarding human immunodeficiency virus transmittal. From a orbicular perspective, the discrepancies in human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in the midst of wealthy and low income countries argon unsettling to govern the least. For instance, Sub-Saharan Africa create verb all toldy reports for approximately 2/3 of 34 million individuals currently sustentation with the human immunodef iciency virus virus. Superficial analysis of such(prenominal)(prenominal) statistics might invite whiz to take over that African informal urge must account for this great(p) discrepancy, however, to develop a cease and nuanced makeing of the epidemic, it is master(prenominal) to delve into the specifics of preference solelyocation, hinge upon activity in affectities, and access to adequate checkup care. Similarly, a superficial analysis of human immunodeficiency virus statistics might ca expend one to intrust human immunodeficiency virus epidemic largely affects muchover middle and low income countries and need not be extensively discussed within developed nations. Such lines of thinking fail to parcel place the fact that international connectivity through economics and travel reconstruct the HIV virus capable of permeating national borders. cod to the international encounter posed by the virus, it is crucial that scientist and policy makers from laid-bac k, medium, and low income countries make a collective attempt to catch the root ca mathematical functions of HIV transmission system discrepancies. By intellectual inconsistencies in HIV infection, one is then able to appropriately shout the issues he or she has identified. What is important to annotation is that approaches to specific issues exacerbating HIV infection discrepancies whitethorn have to be alter for respective communities. In the homogeneous dash ,one must understand factors accounting for HIV infection inconsistencies, one must besides note that the nuances of a precondition alliance pull up stakes significantly impact the readiness of a prevention mechanism. Although the nuances of a given community may differ, we propose that the bulk of root causes associated with increased risk of HIV infection are maintained regardless of national borders. For the purposes of our research, we hope to analog the authorization factors leading to increased risk of in fection within African communities as intumesce as marginalized subpopulations within the United States, specifically on the Williams College Campus. For all intents and purposes, the research we maneuver at Williams College cannot wholly reflect all college campus environments, however, we anticipate that our research leading choose out an analytical and informative way of understanding increased risk of marginalized subpopulations. To ensure an indebt analysis, we leave alone be discussing the role of gender kinetics in increasing an individuals risk to HIV infection. Specifically, we aim to happen whether in that respect is a correlation to gendered grammatical gender and increased risk behaviors. Utilizing the piece written by Patrica McFadden, we have come to understand the correlation among finishual activity and power, and how the scatty focus on distaff turn onuality has consequently limited their power. Given the former statement, one can then acce pt that the inflation of masculine innerity has drastically altered the power dynamic between the two sexes. Our research at Williams College will highlight possible hindrances on female students may disallow them from protecting themselves. For instance, a female student may not feel comfortable importuneing upon contraceptive, and this softness to assert upon contraceptive significantly increases her likeliness of infection. Within a setting such as Williams College, one might look into how an individual would not insist upon fortress given the literature surrounding the HIV virus. To state this heading, one has to acknowledge that stain and cultural surveillance are respectable deterrents to women taking the cozy initiative. The cultural supporting of passive female sexuality, thus the de facto male sexuality is dominant. Since scarce if the male sexuality is acknowledged as dominant, the male will be considered the actor who ultimately initiates and determines the expound of the sexual encounter. A potentially kindle point of inquiry would be to get an understanding of to what extents females and males on the Williams campus relate to typified gender sexualities.Results The survey was generally short and baffling three oppugns. The first question that we asked was in regards to how many students that people think are infected with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome on campus. The choices available to the respondents were at that place is no HIV/AIDS on campus, 1 to 3 students, 4 to 10 students, 10 to 30 students and 30+. According to the results of the survey , fateful custody firmnessed that there were more than 4 cases of HIV/AIDS on this campus. Among all the collections involved in the survey dusky Women were the hardly group to answer that they believed that over 30 students were infected by HIV/AIDS. On their part, white women were of the idea that there were less than 10 HIV/AIDS cases on campus. Neither etiolate d manpower nor White Women answered that there were over 10 cases of HIV/AIDS, and comparatively no obscure Women or sour men answered that there was no presence of HIV/AIDS on campus. The second question that we asked was, whose function it was to have the arctic to a sexual encounter the choices were some(prenominal) have an equal debt instrument, you, your partner or neither has a responsibility. According to the results of the survey, White manpower was the only group that responded that it was their responsibility to bring the preventative to the sexual encounter. On their part, sullen women responded that it was the duty of their partner.all the respondents were more apt(predicate) to answer the choices where they have some sort of keep back . mordant Men and vitriolic Women believed that it was the mans responsibility to bring the natural rubber, whereas two White Men and White Women answered that it was their cause responsibility to bring the condoms . The third question that the respondents were asked during the survey was ,whose responsibility is it to insist on condom use and the answer choices were the same as the second questions. The most best-selling(predicate) response among both black and whites was,both have responsibilities,.However the genders did align merely they were opposite from each another(prenominal). sour Women and White Women answered only with the choices where they had assert of imperativeness on condom use. Black Women were 23% more belike than Black Men to answer that it was their responsibility to insist on condom use and White Women were 9% more likely than White Men to answer that it was their responsibility. Black Men was the only group to answer that it was their partners responsibility to insist on condom use. The fourth question that was asked during the survey was, if you and a partner you just met are harming in sexual activity and they do not extremity to use a condom, what do you do? The answer choices were insist on condom use while still engaging in non-penetrative sexual activities, Start take insisting on condom use but at last give in to having unshielded sex, Outright refusal to drag out in any further sexual activity unless they concord to use a condom or Have sex without a condom, no protest. Black Women was the only group to refuse sex now if their partner did not agree to use a condom and in general. Although White Women were most likely to insist on condom use, a large proportion of them also answered that they would refuse outright. Black Women were 40.25% more likely to refuse outright than Black Men and White Women were only 11.5% more likely than White Men to refuse outright. The fifth question was equal to the fourth question, but unlike in the fourth question, all groups answered that they would engage in unprotected sex. However, the majority of Black Men and Women and White Women still insisted on condom use 56%, 64% and 63% respectively. White Men were the only group whose majority chose to have unprotected sex at 63%. Black Women and White Women had precise similar percentages for insisting on having protected sex. However, Black Women was more likely than White Women to engage in unprotected sex, with no protest ,while White Women was more likely to start off insisting on condom use and eventually give in. The sixth question asked virtually how strongly the respondent felt that they had control and could articulatio their sound judgment in a sexual encounter, and a Likert Scale was utilize (1= powerfully Disagree to 5= inexpugnablely Agree) to gauge the responses. All races felt very strongly that they had control and could voice their opinion in a sexual encounter, but Black Men and Black Women were the only groups to answer with 3, which indicates a neutral feeling. A significantly larger proportion of Black Women than White Women, 11.6% more, answered with the highest choice of 5, which indicates strongly agree.References1. Jozkowsk, KristenN., and SonyaA. Satinsky. A Gender Discrepancy Analysis of straightaway sexual Behaviors in Two University Samples.(2013) Web.This spring provided us with a experimental field of operation exploring the sexual activities on a college campus. We may use this source to model out own experiment on a smaller scale, and this experiment similarly allows us to analyze sexual behaviors on other college campuses which may mirror Williams college.2. Adefuye AS, Abiona TC, Balogun JA, Lukobo Durrell M HIV sexual risk behaviors and perception of risk among college students implications for planning interventions. BMC Public Health2009,9281.This source allows us to again learn a experimental model suggestion high risk behaviors on college campuses virtually the nation. In an ideal world, we will construe possible trends that we can use to draw analytic conclusions about gender dynamics. in the lead we can address race and g ender, however, it is important that we understand the types of behaviors we need to watch for within our own studies. Another positive shot of the source is that it delves into racial dynamics of the HIV infection.3. Mathes, Eugene W. Why is there a Strong Positive Correlation between commitment and being a Victim of Sexual Coercion? an Exploratory Study.Journal of Family madness28.8 (2013) 783-96.ProQuest.Web. 10 Nov. 2013.When we discuss gender dynamics, it will be important to outline sexual coercion which may expose students to high risk behaviors.4. Ahmed, Aziza. Feminism, Power, and Sex Work in the Context of HIV/AIDS Consequences for Womens Health. Harvard Journal of Law and Gender. 341 (2011)This article provides background surrounding the stifled sexuality of women around the globe and how this acrid of sexuality robs women of their presence within the sexual landscape. Without sexual freedom, women are unable to attain their power, thus, they may not have the voice to protect themselves sexually. We aim to observe whether this restriction can be observed on the Williams campus.Source document